Concussions are a brain injury. They are the most common form of head injury caused by impact or trauma to the head or body that results in rapid movement of the brain within the skull. Think of an egg yolk being shaken in its shell.
These injuries occur far more regularly than we think, and can often happen away from the sporting field. Recreation activities, sports, falls, motor vehicle accidents and fights are all common causes.
So how do we identify if we have a concussion and what we do about if a concussion is diagnosed or suspected?
Signs and Symptoms
- Loss of consciousness or memory
- Headache, dizziness
- Dazed, blank vacant look or disorientated
- Poor balance or lack of coordination
- Seizure
- Drowsiness or difficulty concentrating
- Nausea, vomiting
- Sensitivity to light
Management
Mechanism of injury and the immediate stages afterwards can be crucial in early, accurate diagnosis. The first 24-48 hours after a concussion are generally the most important. This period is where we are generally at the highest risk for major secondary complications from the concussion event. Medical attention should be sought if symptoms worsen.
During this period, the following is recommended:
- Seek relative rest (but do not be left alone)
- Avoid mentally strenuous work or watching TV/playing video games if it irritates your symptoms.
- Do not drive or operate heavy machinery
- Do not take anti-inflammatory medication
- Do not drink alcohol
Once acute symptoms have dissipated, an individual can commence a graduated return to sport or general activity. This program is designed to gradually increase function, work on balance and mobility without any symptoms being provoked. At this stage, you can consult with your physiotherapist what your appropriate return plan and subsequent rehabilitation will look like.
